Future Simple

Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

FORM Will

[will + verb]

Examples:

* You will help him later.
* Will you help him later?
* You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To

[am/is/are + going to + verb]

Examples:

* You are going to meet Jane tonight.
* Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
* You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

Complete List of Simple Future Forms

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.

Examples:

* I will send you the information when I get it.
* I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
* Will you help me move this heavy table?
* Will you make dinner?
* I will not do your homework for you.
* I won't do all the housework myself!
* A: I'm really hungry.
B: I'll make some sandwiches.
* A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
B: I'll get you some coffee.
* A: The phone is ringing.
B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.

Examples:

* I will call you when I arrive.
* If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
* I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
* Don't worry, I'll be careful.
* I won't tell anyone your secret.

Reported Speech- Present Simple

Usa-se o discurso indirecto para transmitir o que outra pessoa disse. Quando usamos o discurso indirecto, o verbo geralmente passa para o passado.

• Usam-se os verbos say/tell para dizer ou contar o que disseram;
• Usa-se tell quando a pessoa a quem algo é contado é referida;
• Usa-se say quando a pessoa a quem algo foi contaod não é referida;

Por vezes não se altera o tempo verbal:

• quando transmitimos algo que ainda é verdade ou que é uma rotina;
• quando falamos de verdades universais.

Estudem!!

Passive Voice (Past Simple)

Forma-se a voz passiva no Past Simple com: verbo auxiliar to be.
(was/were)+ verbo principal no participio passado.

Na interrogativa inverte-se a posição do verbo auxiliar to be:
(was/were) com a do sujeito

Na negativa acrescenta-se not ou n't ao verbo auxiliar (to be)

Quando referimos quem praticou a acção, usa-se by.
iPod jeans were developed by Levi's and Apple.
(sujeito) (agente)

Não se utiliza by quando:
-na voz activa o sujeito é people, one, someone, somebody ou they;
-não estamos interessados em quem praticou a acção;
-não sabemos quem praticou a acção.

Present Perfect

Present Perfect:

Usa-se para:

• falar de algo que começou no passado e que, de alguma forma, continua a influenciar o presente;

ex: Have you seen my French book?
I've lost my schoolbag.

• descrever uma experiência ou informação recente.

ex: I've finished my homework.
John has bought a new laptop.

Forma-se com: have/has + particípio passado.

Afirmativa
I/you have finished
he/she/it has gone
we/you/they have swam

Negativa
I/you haven't finished
he/she/it hasn't gone
we/you/they haven't swam

Interrogativa
Have I/you finished?
Has he/she/it gone?
Have we/you/they swam?

Com o Present Perfect usam-se as seguintes palavras: ever, never, since, for, just, already e yet.

Utiliza-se have been ou has been quando alguém esteve ausente mas já voltou.

Utiliza-se have gone ou has gone quando a pessoa ainda não voltou.

Bem aqui está a explicação do Present Perfect.